With every new promise that God would dwell with his people and be their God, anticipation intensified. And with every fulfillment, there was both relief and joy, on the one hand, and disappointment and sadness, on the other. For example, at the return from exile, many rejoiced at the long-awaited restoration of God’s presence in the newly built temple …
But many … old men who had seen the first house … wept with a loud voice when they saw the foundation of this house being laid, though many shouted aloud for joy, so that the people could not distinguish the sound of the joyful shout from the sound of the people’s weeping.
[Ezra 3:12-13]
The pattern of recapitulated promise and partial fulfillment left those who hope in God’s promises tasting and loving, yet longing and waiting for even more. And with every recapitulation, God’s word built up more and more anticipation. That is, until one day,
… the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.
[John 1:14a]
In Jesus, the very Word of God, God’s fullness had finally arrived. And many recognized him to be the long-awaited fulfillment, and flocked to him.
Yet, while a few knew better (e.g., Simeon: Luke 2:25-26, 34-35), many presumed that Jesus’ coming was the final consummation of the promises. Little did they understand that he would soon be taken from them (John 14-16).
And that he was; he was killed. Yet, it was all according to the promises, for the payment of his people’s sins to secure God’s presence with them forever. Only by such payment could God dwell with his otherwise sinful people without abhorring and destroying them, but rather loving and blessing them forever.
And even when Jesus was resurrected, the eager, promise-anticipating disciples wondered if now he was going to fulfill it all (Acts 1:6). Before ascending into heaven, he answered that God’s presence would be with them in a new way:
You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you.
[Acts 1:8; compare 2 Corinthians 6:16]
His answer implied that in this overlap of the ages, the final fulfillment has already begun (the Holy Spirit’s indwelling), but that it is building up to a final consummation.
And it is for this consummation that we also look forward. After the people of God are finally revealed and glorified, the new Jerusalem will come from heaven. Then all of God’s promises will culminate in the event John is describing:
And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.”
[Revelation 21:3]